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US Regulations

US Compliance for Electronics: FCC, UL, Prop 65 & More

An electronic product sold in the US is subject to a minimum of four separate regulatory frameworks — and that is before counting state-level requirements, retailer demands, or packaging rules. The frameworks do not talk to each other. The FCC does not care about Prop 65. UL certification does not substitute for an FCC test report. And a CE Mark means nothing to US Customs.

This guide bundles every US compliance requirement that applies to electronic products into a single reference — so you can see what you need, how the pieces connect, and where the overlaps with EU requirements exist if you are selling into both markets.

FSMA 204 Food Traceability Software

The FDA Food Traceability Rule (FSMA 204) is the most significant food traceability regulation in decades, yet most food companies are still managing compliance with spreadsheets, email chains, and manual data entry. That approach is fragile, error-prone, and unsustainable at scale. Dedicated FSMA 204 food traceability software eliminates that risk by automating Key Data Element (KDE) collection, Critical Tracking Event (CTE) recording, and traceability plan management end-to-end.

TSCA Compliance Software: Chemical Declarations

The US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) imposes some of the most stringent chemical reporting obligations in the world. Companies importing, manufacturing, or processing chemical substances in the United States must navigate inventory listings, Significant New Use Rules (SNURs), Section 5 premanufacture notifications, and the rapidly evolving PFAS reporting framework under TSCA 8(a)(7). Without the right infrastructure, compliance becomes a drain on regulatory teams — and a serious liability risk.

Prop 65 Compliance Software

If you sell products in California, you are legally required to provide "clear and reasonable" warnings when your product exposes consumers to any chemical listed under California Proposition 65. With over 900 listed substances and frequent updates, tracking your obligations manually is impractical at scale. Prop 65 compliance software automates the screening, declaration, and warning-label workflow so you can ship to California with confidence.

Conflict Minerals (3TG) Compliance

Tin, tantalum, tungsten, and gold — collectively known as 3TG — are present in nearly every electronic product, from the solder on circuit boards to the capacitors in power supplies, from the tungsten vibration motors in smartphones to the gold contact pads in connectors.

But these four metals have a dark side. In certain regions — most notably the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and adjoining countries — the extraction and trade of 3TG minerals has financed armed conflict, enabled forced labor, and caused severe human rights abuses. In response, legislators in the United States and the European Union have created mandatory supply chain due diligence regimes designed to break the link between mineral extraction and conflict financing.

If your product contains tin, tantalum, tungsten, or gold — and if your company is publicly traded in the US or imports these minerals into the EU — you have legal obligations to trace your supply chain, assess risks, and publicly report your findings.

FCC Part 15 Guide: Testing & Certification

In July 2026, the FCC fined eight companies $25,000 each for failing to respond to inquiries about imported wireless devices. The same month, an FCC enforcement notice detailed how a modified handheld radio caused harmful interference to a county's 911 emergency communications channel. Non-compliance with Part 15 is not theoretical — the FCC investigates and fines regularly.

A company recently shipped 5,000 units of a smart home device to a US distributor. The shipment was held at customs because their FCC Supplier's Declaration of Conformity referenced the wrong test standard. That mistake cost them two weeks and $12,000 in storage fees.

FCC Part 15 is mandatory federal law enforced by the FCC, and it applies to virtually every product containing digital circuitry — from a simple microcontroller to the most advanced wireless device. We process FCC declarations for hundreds of electronics clients on the Sustalium platform, and the most common mistakes are almost always avoidable. Here is exactly what you need to know.

California SB 253 & SB 261: Climate Compliance

If your business sells products into California, operates facilities in the state, or supplies components to companies that do, you are about to be swept into one of the most aggressive climate disclosure regimes in the world. California's Climate Corporate Data Accountability Act (SB 253) and Climate-Related Financial Risk Act (SB 261) create legally enforceable carbon reporting mandates that go well beyond anything currently required at the US federal level.

While the direct filing obligations apply only to large companies, the data collection burden cascades down the entire supply chain. If you are an SME supplier to a California-reporting company, you will receive detailed carbon data requests — and your ability to respond will determine whether you keep your contracts.

FSMA 204: 2028 Extension Timeline

When the FDA announced an industry-wide extension for Section 204 of the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA 204), pushing the compliance deadline to July 20, 2028, a collective sigh of relief echoed across the US food and agriculture sector.

Many growers, processors, and distributors moved their traceability projects to the back burner, assuming they had years to figure out how to track Key Data Elements (KDEs) across their supply chains.

This assumption is a massive commercial miscalculation. While the federal government will not enforce the rule until 2028, the commercial market is enforcing it right now. If your organization handles foods on the Food Traceability List (FTL), waiting until 2027 to implement a FSMA 204 food traceability software will likely cost you your biggest retail contracts.

UFLPA Supply Chain Traceability: US Customs

Since the enactment of the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA), US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has detained billions of dollars worth of goods entering the United States.

The scope of enforcement is vast and expanding, heavily impacting industries such as textiles, solar panels, electronics, automotive parts, and agricultural products.

Unlike standard trade enforcement where a company is presumed innocent until proven guilty, the UFLPA operates on a strict rebuttable presumption: any goods mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region are legally presumed to be made with forced labor and are barred from US entry.

To clear a detained shipment or proactively secure your US trade lanes, the burden of proof is entirely on you. You must provide "clear and convincing evidence" that your products do not contain any inputs from Xinjiang. This requires building a comprehensive, multi-tier UFLPA compliance statement and traceability file. Here is how to map your supply chain and satisfy US Customs.

California Proposition 65 Compliance

If your business ships physical products to California, list items on Amazon US, or sells through major retail distributors, you are subject to one of the most litigious consumer laws in the United States: California Proposition 65 (Prop 65).

Officially known as the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, Prop 65 requires businesses to provide a "clear and reasonable" warning to California consumers before exposing them to any of over 900 naturally occurring or synthetic chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.

What makes Prop 65 uniquely dangerous is its enforcement mechanism. Unlike most laws enforced by government agencies, Prop 65 allows private citizens and advocacy groups to sue businesses on behalf of the public—creating a lucrative industry for plaintiff attorneys operating on contingency fees.

In 2024 alone, businesses paid over $30 million in settlements to resolve private Prop 65 lawsuits. To protect your business from these "bounty-hunter" lawsuits, you must understand how to audit your products and apply compliant safe harbor warnings.